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HVAC (pronounced as an acronym or as “aitch-vac,” depending on individual preference) stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. HVAC systems are designed to regulate all of those functions within an indoor environment – whether residential or commerical. While technically many appliances have HVAC properties, the term usually refers to a large system of vents and ducts used to service a house or workplace.
HVAC Duct Sizing
Please Note: All information provided in this document is to be used as a guideline only.
The duct sizes listed in the chart provided are based on a fraction drop of .10 inches per 100 feet of lineal duct. This "Equal-Friction" method of duct sizing should be adequate for normal residential furnace heating and air conditioning applications. Larger volumes or higher static pressures should be dealt with on an individual job basis.
Example: Ductwork Design Layout (With CFM Ratings)
This system is designed to move 3 Tons of Air Conditioning or 1200 CFM.
HVAC Chillers
A chiller is part of a condenser. Chillers are used to cool water or brine solutions. The cooled (chilled) water or brine is fed through pipes to evaporators. This cools the area in which the evaporators are located. This type of cooling, using chilled water or brine, can be used in large air-conditioning units. It can also be used for industrial processes where cooling is required for a particular operation.
Figure 8-11 illustrates such an operation. Note how the compressor sits atop the condenser. Chillers are the answer to requirements of 200 to 1600 ton of refrigeration. They are used for process cooling, comfort air-conditioning, and nuclear power plant cooling. In some cases, they are used to provide ice for ice-skating rinks. The arrows in Fig. 8-11 indicate the refrigerant flow and the water or brine flow through the large pipes. Figure 8-12 shows the machine in a cutaway view. The following explanation of the various cycles will provide a better understanding of the operation of this type of equipment.
HVAC Diffuser Types
The diffuser on the left is a normal office type diffuser which induces a lot of air to rise vertically from the floor towards the ceiling. The rising induced air has the potential for carrying a lot of dust upwards which is then spread throughout the room with the air supply. This type of diffuser readily spreads contaminants in the room and should be avoided.
The preferred type of diffuser for cleanroom applications is the swirl diffuser, or perforated plate diffuser. These types do not promote the spread of dust within the room.
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